Robert Gabriel Mugabe KCB (born February 21, 1924) is a Zimbabwean politician. He has been the head of government in Zimbabwe since 1980, first as Prime Minister and later as first executive President. Throughout his career, Mugabe has espoused pan-Africanism and African independence and unity. In recent years, Mugabe has attracted international criticism for alleged mishandling of land reforms, economic mismanagement, and a deteriorating human rights situation in Zimbabwe. Mugabe, however, attributes the country's current hyperinflation and negative growth to Western sanctions and the legacies of white minority rule.